Video on the Role of Authority in Freedom of the Press

References

Cater, N., 2013. Giving up on the Search for the Truth. The Australian, 2 November, pp. 13-14.

Dralun.wordpress.com,. (2014). 17th century | Dr Alun Withey. Retrieved 7 November 2014, from https://dralun.wordpress.com/category/17th-century/

Heywood, A., 1992. Chapter Two: Liberalism. In: Political Ideologies: An Introduction. New York: St Martin's Press, pp. 15-52.

Keane, J., 1991. Chapter One: Liberty of the Press. In: The Media and Democracy. London: Polity, pp. 1-50.

Kreeft, P., 1999. A Refutation of Moral Relativism—Transcription. [Online]
Available at: http://www.peterkreeft.com/audio/05_relativism/relativism_transcription.htm
[Accessed 3 November 2013].

Milton, J., 1644. A Speech for the Liberty of Unlicenc'd Printing. In: Areopagitica. London: s.n.

Miragliotta N, E. W., 2011. Media & politics : an introduction. 2nd ed. Melbourne: Oxford University Press .

Paine, T., 1791. The Rights of Man. Britain: Thomas Paine.

Power of the Press. 1943. [Film] Directed by S Fuller. United States of America: Columbia Pictures.

Press, G. (2014). Gutenberg's Printing Press | ClipArt ETC. Etc.usf.edu. Retrieved 7 November 2014, from http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/44800/44880/44880_guten_press.htm

Rusbridger, A. (2010). The splintering of the fourth estate | Alan Rusbridger. the Guardian. Retrieved 7 November 2014, from http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/nov/19/open-collaborative-future-journalism

Spitzer, R., 2000. Chapter Six: Ethics and Freedom. In: Healing the Culture: A Common Sense Philosphy of Happiness, Freedom and the Life Issues. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, pp. 191-222.

Week 11 Aggregation and Distribution in My Settings

Here in the study room of the shared house I live in, I can find examples of both aggregation and distribution.  already aggregated are those things which make the room characteristically a 'study room'- bookshelves, computers, desks, a printer, paper. As I interact with the room distribution and re-aggregation occur. If I pick up a book from the shelf to use and put it around the computer with my other things I have distributed and re-aggregated the book to a new setting where it has a new purpose in the aggregation of the room. I have distributed the things from my room to the computer to create an aggregation of things needed to do my blog. E,g, my course outline and readings, a coffee, earphones, a philosophy book. I have placed these things with the computer n order to establish a relationship between them that will serve towards the purpose of me contributing them to my publishing- distribution and aggregation.

It is important not to think of aggregation simply as bringing together what YOU WANT e.g. choosing which apps to download and what news to read so that you only interact with the things you want to interact with. Sometimes we are placed within already aggregated settings in which we also have smooth interactions. Here on the veranda of my shared house the couches, plants and bushes have been in the same setting since before I moved in. I did not choose the way the elements were aggregated but I have found that they are already in a good spot. Eg, the couches are placed in an L shape around the coffee table in front of the space in between the hedges. This allows more sun and view of the garden, the the centrality of the coffee table and the L shape of the couches makes it a perfect place to have lunch and also view the other people dining with. The well placed hedges protect the privacy of our veranda. 

The bookshelf of my room is an example of both aggregation and distribution. In terms of aggregation I have gathered and combined things firstly that belong on a bookcase (those on the top) and on the bottom those things which I need frequent and easy access to. This generally means that those things aggregated on the bottom shelf are frequently distributed because they have high utility e.g. pencil case and its pencils, books that I read from or write in everyday. Distributed is also the knowledge from many of the books aggregated here e.g. the latin dictionary in application to my latin homework, the uni diary in application to planning my day, the cook books for making meals, science and philosophy books for everyday knowledge.

Week 9 Visualization and Politics

Andrew Murphey-  "We had a very quick tour of the philosophy and politics of images: especially those who thought images powerful but suspicious ... Plato (because they distracted us from the ideal world), Heidegger (because they allowed us to think [falsely] that we could create a “world picture”) and Debord (the consumerist society of the spectacle)"

This is how I engaged with the topic of visualisation and politics:

https://www.examtime.com/en-US/p/1540420-Visualisation-and-Politics-mind_maps

All pictures are referenced, general info from Metaphysics by Tomas Alvira and Art and Scholasticism by J. Martain and J. F. Scanlan

References

Alvira, T., Clavell, L. and Melendo, T. (1996). Metaphysics. Manila: Sinag-Tala Pub.

Anon, (2014). [online] Available at: http://artquoteoftheday.wordpress.com/2013/07/07/no-29-michelangelo/ [Accessed 28 Oct. 2014].

Artprize.org, (2014). The Allegory of the Cave by Read Lockhart. [online] Available at: http://www.artprize.org/read-lockhart/2012/the-allegory-of-the-cave [Accessed 28 Oct. 2014].

BuzzDixon.com, (2012). Anonymous Medieval Monk On The Topic Of Writing. [online] Available at: http://buzzdixon.com/writing-2/anonymous-medieval-monk-on-the-topic-of-writing/ [Accessed 28 Oct. 2014].

Cresci, E. (2012). Five of the Guardian Datablog's best visualisations. [online] Journalism.co.uk. Available at: http://www.journalism.co.uk/news-features/five-of-the-guardian-datablog-s-best-visualisations/s5/a549171/ [Accessed 28 Oct. 2014].

Forestvilleoptom.com.au, (2014). What is Dyslexia? Does Your Child really have Dyslexia? | Abel, Robson & Falkenstein Optometrists. [online] Available at: http://www.forestvilleoptom.com.au/?page_id=35 [Accessed 28 Oct. 2014].

Foundation, B. (2014). Introduction to the Cave Art Paintings of the Chauvet Cave. [online] Bradshawfoundation.com. Available at: http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/chauvet/chauvet_cave_paintings.php [Accessed 28 Oct. 2014].

Intriguing.com, (2014). Monty Python's Completely Useless Web Site. [online] Available at: http://www.intriguing.com/mp/holygrail.php [Accessed 28 Oct. 2014].

Koniw, T. and Koniw, T. (2014). Project Futures | Freedom Is... [online] Projectfutures.com. Available at: http://projectfutures.com/2013/10/20/freedom-is/ [Accessed 28 Oct. 2014].

Liquid State, (2014). People who buy books, love books (isn't that obvious?) • Liquid State. [online] Available at: http://liquid-state.com/2014/04/25/people-buy-books-love-books-isnt-obvious/ [Accessed 28 Oct. 2014].

Maritain, J. and Scanlan, J. (1930). Art and scholasticism. New York: C. Scribner's Sons.

OMazing Kids, (2011). Using Visual Supports in Yoga Groups for Kids & Teens - being inclusive of learning styles. [online] Available at: http://omazingkidsllc.com/2011/10/11/using-visual-supports-in-yoga-groups-for-kids-teens-being-inclusive-of-learning-styles/ [Accessed 28 Oct. 2014].

Oxford University Department for Continuing Education, (2014). Free Public Lecture: Learning and Work in Medieval England. [online] Available at: https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/news/index.php?post=2013-05-07:112711:707 [Accessed 28 Oct. 2014].

Silviaminguzzi.com, (2014). AESTHETICS OF VISUAL ART: The Allegory of the Cave in Plato and The Matrix « Silvia Minguzzi. [online] Available at: http://www.silviaminguzzi.com/mfa/aesthetics-the-allegory-of-the-cave-in-plato-and-the-matrix/ [Accessed 28 Oct. 2014].

Theguardian.com, (2014). Data visualisation courses | Guardian Masterclasses | The Guardian. [online] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/guardian-masterclasses/data-visualisation-courses [Accessed 28 Oct. 2014].

Wikipedia, (2014). History of writing. [online] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_writing [Accessed 28 Oct. 2014].

Wikipedia, (2014). Wax tablet. [online] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wax_tablet [Accessed 28 Oct. 2014].

YHP, (2013). This is the best marketing tool ever - YHP. [online] Available at: http://yhponline.com/2013/10/18/best-marketing-tool-ever/ [Accessed 28 Oct. 2014].

Week 5: Archives- more than a boring bunch of files?

Archive: https://www.stillwhite.com.au/blog/19-archive-old-messages

Is this the first thing that pops into your head when you think of an archive?

Generally we think that an archive is merely a boring bunch of 'something' stored away for reasons most of us are unsure of. We are not interested in archives but "[they] still have a keen interest in us" (Parrika, 2013).

Little do we realise that we are in the 'Age of the Archive'; we're living in the greatest archiving time that ever was, and we ourselves are archivists. The internet is a place of activism, anarchy and archiving as the new Web 2.0 has given society the chance to be producers of content. 

We've all had it said to us, "once it's on the internet it's there forever" well in the words of Matthew Ogle, "the real-time web..captures something we might not have created otherwise: a permanent record of the event." (http://mattogle.com/archivefever/) We can't be all about fear on the web. It is a tool and it's useful. The internet, holding everything within time, has created the biggest archive available to man- though Ogle points out that we can hardly harness it- and the internet holds many more archives that have hardly began to exercise all their potential uses e.g. Twitter, Facebook.

So if it's not clear yet an archive is basically organised data that can be put to use to understand the world a little better (Murphie, 2014). The way of understanding the world, and applying theory is different for each archive. For example, lets compare:

 http://www.myschool.edu.au/ and http://www.apartheidarchive.org/site/.

The My School website is an archive of statistics on all the schools in Australia. The website describes its purpose as,

 "enabl[ing] you to search detailed profiles of Australian schools simply by entering a school’s name, suburb or postcode. On this site, you can quickly find statistical information about schools of interest to you and then compare their resources and performance with similar schools across the country."

While the 'Apartheid Archive Project' describes its purpose as,

 "an international research initiative that aims to examine the nature of the experiences of racism of (particularly 'ordinary') South Africans under the old apartheid order and their continuing effects on individual and group functioning in contemporary South Africa. Specifically, we believe that it is important for South African society to review, so as to acknowledge and deal with its past, in order to better manage its present and future."

Derrida makes this distinction of material that is either outside (outside/technical/non-living) or inside (memory, inside me, my experience/living) (Murphie, 2014). We seem to see a clear distinction here in the projects- the first being 'outside' and the second being 'inside'. However what does this distinction mean? It questions the truth that the archive attempts to present.

Does the My School website portray the archival information needed to find the 'right school'? Does it portray more truth than the Apartheid Archive portrays the reality of current state of racism in South Africa just because its data is more 'outside'?

My opinion? All I can say is that we can't deny that there is any truth in that which is a subjective account. Just because it is SUBJECT to the interpretation and experience of a person it does not mean it does not hold ANY truth within it. 

How can we be sure we have the whole truth?- like the Derrida says "there is no society without
faith, without trust in the other" (Walsh, 2010) http://crc.sa.utoronto.ca/files/2010/01/derrida-and-the-messiah.pdf

A case of the chicken and the egg: Actor-Network Theory

The development of highly integrated technologies such as the smart-phone; computer, apps, internet capabilities, social media device, phone, etc, have raised questions as to what kind of relationship there is between humans and technology which produce such features.






Are the humans the ones that drive changed in technology so that they meet the needs of human interactions or do the capabilities of technology drive social patterns and behaviours by the new ways they allow people to communicate and interact.






Michel Callon and Bruno Latour believe that both the social determinists and technological determinists are fighting the wrong battle (delukie, 2009) . Neither the egg nor the chicken came first or drive the movement of social-technological interactions but both as part of an 'actor-network'.


In David Banks' article 'A Brief Summary of Actor Network Theory' he says, "even if ICTs mark a fundamental shift in our relationship to technology, it is only another wave in a constantly evolving relationship to our own understanding of technological progress." He goes on to give the example that " Anthrax spores, Portuguese navigators, car batteries, Thomas Edison, the Renault Car Company, and scallops are all given equal treatment as nodal points within an actor-network"(Banks, 2011).


Banks does raise the question of how our relationship with technology is evolving and what is the current state of this relationship- are humans and technology on an equal footing in the ability to change this relationship?

The reality is that humans obviously dominate the relationship. If we deconstruct any technology it is obviously composed of materials that are essential to the functioning of the object. For example the simple fax machine. Materially it is made up of wires, metal and plastic pieces, a plastic shell, screws, and not part of the fax but essential to its functioning are a phone network, toner, electricity and paper. Beyond this there are many more relational characteristics but at its most basic level the existence of the fax machine is based on the communication between humans. Most necessary to the fax machine is writing, words, language and all this coming from human thought.


It is true that objects have aspects of their characteristics that are relational to human beings. A fax machine or a chair exist apart from the human being. They have characteristics in and of themselves but one of their essential characteristics are those that relate to the human- though this is not the only characteristic- because things exist within reality, not purely relative to relations. ....AND why is the fax machine outdated? because we humans wanted a more integrated way or a faster, better way of communicating and new technologies are thus made for us!

Week 3 Techniques and Machines

Perhaps I underestimate the number of people that understand how technology has changed the way we communicate. I look back only a couple of years and realise how much I've learnt about the media in this degree. 

Take a simple look at the restrictions placed on authors of written, physically distributed works: 
http://mitpress.mit.edu/services/authors

Traditional Printing Press

Or even take a read of 'The Media and Democracy' by John Keane where he explores the history behind freedom of press. Back in the 18th century when the government undeniably controlled the press, freedom of speech was something that needed to be fought for. There were great restrictions on the availability of the printing press to the average man and even then to criticise the government was to present oneself with the possibility of being accused of treason (Keane, 1991).

The advancement of communication technologies; phone, mobile, computer, internet, etc. and the platforms that these technologies use to communicate has meant that the barriers or limitations placed on traditional publishing no longer exist within these mediums. 

Twitter, Facebook, even Blogger give anyone with internet access and a computer of any kind the possibility of publishing of exercising their freedom of speech. 

However the role of the publisher and the way in which one publishes; the techniques and expectations have changed. A majority of online publishing (including everything published on social network sites) lacks the quality of traditional publications such as newsprint, novels and textbooks. Despite this people are still expecting the same frequency of publication from traditional media. How do news companies keep up? Convergence

BBC News App on Ipad- example of media convergence

'Media Convergence' is straight forward- that media platforms converge. The Daily Telegraph is available in paper, on the internet, on your ipod or iphone, there is an application for that newspaper. It has integrated the technologies to keep up with competition but what results is perhaps poor quality from the demand for frequency.

Read more about media convergence: http://mconvergence.wordpress.com/about/

ARTS2090 - Publics and Publishing WEEK 1

Dear Audience/Public/Whatever,

in case you've been reading this blog before, which you probably haven't, you might realise that I've changed the name from 'On The Lorne' to 'Two Pubs on the Lorne'.

You might ask 'why?' and I would tell you that I started this blog last semester just because I wanted to and then I forgot about it but now a blog is a course requirement of my subject ARTS2090- Publics and Publishing at UNSW. The new name refers to the name of the course 'PUBlics and PUBlishing', and 'On The Lorne' refers to where I live.

Here I'm going to discuss the concepts that come up in my readings each week; starting today with 'History of Tools and Techniques'.

The history of tools and techniques in relation to revolution and change in society is a concept that is understood by most people in today's society- especially those in developed countries as they are surrounded by new media and technologies.

However the Elizabeth Eisensetein's book 'The Printing Press as an Agent of Change Vol. 1' looks at the history of the tool and techniques involved in publishing from the outset of the widespread use of the printing press in the 15th century.

The 'oh-so' informed yet ignorant Gen Y, myself included, are consumed by adapting quickly to the technological, diverse and divergent forms of media that we often fail to see that the changes happening today are only a part in the giant snowball that has been happening for hundreds of thousands of years since man first form of communication.

What we see is that communities and interaction has changed in that we are not as easily part of a physical community. We don't have a strong sense of belonging to a town or city in the way that it was manifested in previous centuries, even just pre1970.

Eisensetein suggests that this wasn't just a result of recently emerging technologies such as the internet or the smart phone which has revolutionised the way people interact but in fact even the printing press changed the way humans interact. She says, "As communion with the Sunday paper has replaced church-going, there is a tendency to forget that sermons had at one time been coupled with news about local and foreign affairs..."

She explains that it came down to that most villagers were part of 'an exclusively hearing public', however the widespread distribution of books and the increase of literacy due to their accessibility changed the public into a reading one thus changing the dynamics of interaction.

(secularism)
(distribution of new ideas)

I want to ride my bicycle! and its mishaps

This week I decided that I needed to get back into some intense exercise.

At the end of highschool I was running every second day, training for basketball at least once a week and playing a game once a week. For me that was pretty good. Unlike most people I lost weight during the study vacation before my exams due to my exercise regime.

In 2013 when I moved out of home and started uni I just had no time. Travel time to uni in my first year was 1.5hrs each way and then I also had a lot of responsibilities around my house and in this club I volunteer for. So my time for exercising was tiny tiny tiny and most of the time I just wanted to rest in this break. There needed to be an answer- the bike, cycling, my favourite personal sport.

It was great for the first year...before I moved again.

Anyway long story, boring story made short I decided this week that I should try and use the bike again. Stay tuned because I have two stupid stories:

On Monday this week I grabbed the bike a mere 3 minutes before my train was going to leave and you guessed it. I missed by train by about 10 seconds (I live really close the the station). I didn't want to go back, I know I've tried that a few times before and even though the trains are 15 mins apart. So no! I would keep my bike with me and catch the next train....I would just need to ride a bit faster when I got to Central.

BAD IDEA! I hadn't ridden my bike since September 2013 so I was definitely not as fit and not used to riding up the mountain of a hill right near Central. So even though I left Central at 3:37pm for my 4pm class, I  was almost 40 mins late for my tutorial so I just didn't go. My attendance wouldn't be counted anyway and that was the only thing I had at uni all day. I ended up going home 20 mins after I got to uni, feeling very, very stupid!

Second story. Yesterday/ Wednesday. I left my bike in my friend's college on Monday so I could get a lift home from a housemate. I would ride it home on Wednesday evening, with a smug little smile on my face as I arrived at Central earlier than everyone in the ridiculously long bus line at uni hehehe.

Fail again.

 Firstly they increased the number of buses 5-7pm last week so I definitely did not beat anyone to the station. Secondly I was not wearing a helmet and I was riding along the bike path when I turned to cross the road on a crossing...looking up the sun streaming on my face and BAM! I put all my bodily force into riding straight into a horizontal pole. I couldn't believe that I'd forgot about the pole (btw there is one on the other side of the crossing that I successfully went around, which makes this even worse) . I've ridden this path almost every day last week. My leg, my arm and my thumb were really hurting and I got off my bike feeling very sore and very grateful to be alone. The worse of all was that I was at the bottom of a great incline and I had to push my body really hard to keep riding.

Moral of the story... I don't think there is one. I'm just uncoordinated. I think it's a good reason to have nothing important to talk about. Here is a picture:

'State of Play' a cine-forum experience of media ethics

So I live out of home with some friends and we're pretty proactive people.

Last Friday we decided to run a cine-forum for our friends...well we did it the previous month but there wasn't much discussion. We choose a topic and we watch a movie on that topic and then discuss the themes within the movie.

This month the topic was 'Media and Communication' and we watched 'State of Play' with Ben Affleck playing a congressman, and Russell Crowe playing his old college buddy who is now a successful investigative journalist.

It was such a thriller!!! Oh my gosh we were screaming and jumping in our seats- maybe just because we were a bunch of women. It was a great movie and provided a great story to discuss the ethics behind journalism, the fight for the truth and true friendship. I won't ruin the movie if anyone hasn't seen it but I will say some details.

I was able to discuss with people what I learned in my media subject last semester on media ethics and policy as we brought up the idea of ethical practices among journalists. Russell Crowe's character has many connection that allow him to obtain information easily but he often does things that are illegal, or he lies to get information. Often we justify this because of the unique nature of the journalism industry- truth seeking, however the end does not justify the means. BUT WHAT IS THE ANSWER??? 

I believe in an absolute truth. I believe that there are exceptions in certain cases when one good outweighs another but there can't be the whole industry of investigative journalism built on a 'special case'. Look at the Murdoch hacking scandal. No one condones that but at the same time, those that report on this issue take to unethical practices to obtain their information- "covertly recording the conversation." Just look at this:

http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/07/04/rupert-murdoch-caught-on-tape-talking-about-phone-hacking-scandal.html

In my media presentation on this, many pointed out that it is hard to put into practice any solid media policy reforms because media companies make so much more through unethical practices than any fine that could be placed on them for their behaviour. The competition is too great and it's a dog eat dog world in this industry.

 So what do you think?

 I will post more about these kinds of things in the future but maybe you can get the ball rolling. 

Anyway as a budding journalist I can't say that I've answered the question of ethics and morality in investigative journalism so I'd have to resign myself to something a little less exciting or give up my values. At the moment I'll go with the first- 

Alex

(P.S I love Calvin and Hobbes)

Introducing This Blog: how one person can have no direction

Ain't it all just a dream.

So you might be asking yourself why I am writing this blog. (Probably you're not because I'm talking to no one, hah the beauty of the imagined audience)

Well I am writing it because I love writing...I think. I love the truth.
I love the blog Hyperbole and a Half ... and I think the media has such a wonderful capacity for doing good which, unfortunately, it doesn't harness or it just chooses to harness its ability for not so great things.

I had a few worries starting this. You see I have a lot of things to say about such and such but I cannot think of what my blog would actually be about. My idea is that if my blog has a purpose and a target audience it will be good and successful and people will read it but I can't manage to have a theme or a topic because I see it as too limiting. If anything my blog is based on life and the philosophy behind it. I also would say that for this era in my life it would also be about media, technology and morality- because I am studying Media and Communication.

But this is just the beginning. I am not sure where this will go. I hope it will last and the only way is to keep writing though in some ways it goes against everything I believe about Web 2.0 or the widespread ability to become the new producer.....what I believe can be summed up in the title of a media book 'Triumph of the Airheads: and the retreat from common sense'. 

I don't want to be one of those so be critical and engage.

So shall I start?

Hi my name is Alex- a girl, full first name - Alexandria.
I am a second year student in an Australian university doing a double degree B. Science/Arts....I am not really going greatly in the science section, passes and credits but I am extremely passionate about my arts major MEDIA!!! I love it, I am absorbed by it and I get good marks, which I think is a good indicator.

My favourite book is 'A Tree Grows in Brooklyn' by Betty Smith. I also like ' When You Reach Me' by Rebecca Stead, 'The Screwtape Letters' by C.S Lewis and I'd say 'The Book Thief' by Mark Zusak is pretty darn good.

At this point in my life I don't really have time to watch television and most of it is crap but I love The Simpsons, Miranda (by Miranda Hart for all those who are interested) and Parks and Recreation. I also have a deep love for Disney movies and many other funny movies so you're in for some quoting from these.

It was a handful trying to start this blog because I couldn't find a domain name on Wordpress which I spent a good hour trying to find- I ended up with Damn Your Domain, where I will post most of the same things as here if I can but Wordpress won't allow me to customise my page without paying and I have no money so here I am on Blogspot- I'm happy here.

Any questions or anything just message me and I will try to answer or take requests. I hope to tell some pretty funny stories along the way.

- Alex